While many different American breeders made this interesting - and sometimes exciting - choice, probably the two most famous Skowronek close-breeding programs were those of Alice Payne and Dan Gainey. Mrs. Payne and Mr. Gainey put different emphasis on trait selection and individual base animals and as a result their end products differed. Mrs. Payne's horses tended to often be more or less chunky, compact, and sturdy in appearance, while the Gainey stock appeared more refined and elegant with some individuals almost ethereal. Mrs. Payne used various Skowronek bloodlines available to her, but her strongest emphasis was on *Raffles.

Mr. Gainey also used more than one source of Skowronek blood, but his main base was Ferzon 7723, a horse closebred to *Raseyn, mostly via Ferseyn 1381. Today in the United States there are still several breeders whose programs feature Skowronek close-breeding and many beautiful animals are produced. The products of these programs sometimes go back into the same breeding plans from which they come, but they are often also utilized by other Crabbet/American breeders in the same way that Crabbet and Kellogg used Skowronek blood - as crosses to reinforce, introduce, or reintroduce the special Skowronek class and qualities, including the beautiful heads often seen in such breeding. Skowronek, himself, was the result of an outcrossed pedigree. He was the product of a desert bred sire crossed onto a very old Polish dam line.

As an individual, Skowronek was not without faults, but he was a model of classic Arabian type and an extremely strong sire who stamped all his get with his color and type. He actually did create a whole new type of classic Arabian which is still found today in his descendants.

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Skowronek's get:
*Incoronate, Nahrawan, *Raffles, *Raseyn, *Raswan, *Rifala, *Rimini, *Rishwa, *Rossana, Aiesha, Ajeeb, Akabah, Almulid, Fadlalla, Fasiha, Grey Sheikh, Huseyni, Iram, Jalila, King Cyrus, Mejdil, Naaman, Nahrawan, Namira, Naseem, Nasieda, Nasifa, Nasirieh, Nax, Naxina, Naziri, Niran, Rabum, Rangoon, Registan, Revenge, Reyna, Rissaal, Riziana, Rose of the Sea, Rotha, Rufeyfan, Ruskov, Saker, Seriya, Shelifa, Sura, and Uadyah.

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Dam: Jaskolka ________________ Jaskolka, dam of Skowronek, was considered one of the best of the Antoniny mares. Her name means "the swallow"; Skowronek's name means "the lark." Jaskolka was a gray bred by Satanow Stud and foaled in 1891. Her name is sometimes seen misspelled "Jaskoulka'' or "Yaskoulka." Rymnik, sire of Jaskolka, was a gray foaled in 1876. Bred by Chrestowka Stud, he proved an important and influential sire of his time. He was known for his high quality. Derwisz, also gray, was foaled in the desert in 185- and taken to Poland in 1861 by Count Potocki after his purchase at Stamboul, Turkey. He was later owned by Prince Sankguszko. He is said to have been a small horse. Iliniecka, founder of Skowronek's dam line, was foaled in the desert in 181- and taken to Poland by Slawuta Stud in 1820.

Sire: Ibrahim ________________ Ibrahim, sire of Skowronek, was a gray Seglawi Faliti foaled in the Arabian desert in 1899. Count Jozef Potocki purchased him from his agent in Odessa, in the Ukrain on the Black Sea, the agent having brought Ibrahim there by way of Constantinople, Turkey, from the Orient in 1907, when Ibrahim was 8. He was taken to Poland that same year. He was chief stallion at Antoniny Stud from 1907 to 1916. He was an attractive horse of small size; he was known as a good sire. The names of his desert bred parents are probably garbled versions of their strain names. With the transliteration and translation of the various languages involved, it is today not possible to figure out what strain name Heijer was meant to designate, but it is obvious that Lafitte comes from her strain name of Seglawi Faliti.

Sire: Ibrahim	Heijer	N/A	N/A
		N/A
			N/A
	Lafitte	N/A	N/A
			N/A
		N/A	N/A
			N/A
Dam: Jaskolka	Rymnik	Kortez	Cercle
			Gonta
		Hama	Kohejlan
			Caramba
	Epopeja	Derwisz	N/A
			N/A
		Lira	Obejan-Maciuk
			Kreolka